Resiliensi Keberagamaan Etnis Tionghoa Di Bangka: Kompleksitas Dan Hibriditas

Sujadmi, - and Prof. Dr. Ir. Darsono Wisadirana,, MS. and Dr. Muhammad Lukman Hakim, S.IP., M.Si. and Prof. Dr. Ibrahim, M.Si. (2024) Resiliensi Keberagamaan Etnis Tionghoa Di Bangka: Kompleksitas Dan Hibriditas. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang resiliensi keberagamaan etnis Tionghoa di Bangka yang mencakup konteks kompleksitas dan hibriditas. Perspektif yang digunakan adalah konsep teori dari Michael Ungar tentang resiliensi sosial budaya dan teori masyarakat pos-kolonial dari Homi K Bhabha. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif desain studi kasus. Informan sebanyak 38 orang yang dipilih dengan teknik snowball dan purposive sampling. Teknik triangulasi sumber data dan teori digunakan untuk menguji keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa dinamika keberagamaan etnis Tionghoa dari masa ke masa mengalami pola yang sangat dinamis mengikuti perkembangan situasi politik yang ada. Kondisi ini membentuk resiliensi keberagamaan yang termanifestasi dalam dukungan sosial berupa toleransi dan kerukunan antar etnis, tradisi saling menghargai, keterlibatan acara bersama, dan upaya menjaga kerukunan. Kedua, berupa akses terhadap sumber daya yang meliputi akses terhadap pekerjaan dan akses pada ajaran moral dan etika. Ketiga, kemampuan adaptif atau keterampilan menguasai dalam situasi kompleks melalui enam aspek adaptasi mulai dari identitas administratif, praktik keagamaan, sosial-budaya, transmisi nilai, praktik ibadah hingga politik. Terakhir konteks budaya dan lingkungan yang mencakup karakter terbuka masyarakat, slogan Tongin Fangin Tjit Tjong, amalgamasi budaya dan penyesuaian praktik. Sementara pada aspek kompleksitas dan hibriditas terdapat keragaman keberagamaan di kalangan internal Tionghoa dan internal penganut Konghucu antara Konghucu sebagai agama dan/atau sebagai tradisi budaya. Identitas hibrid dalam keagamaan tercermin dalam pembentukan ruang ketiga berupa multifungsi kelenteng dan sinkretisme dalam praktik keagamaan serta dualisme identitas agama antara praktik dan administratif. Dari analisis fenomena keberagamaan ini ditemukan perwujudan manifestasi keharmonisan antar umat beragama di internal komunitas Tionghoa yang terwujud dalam menciptakan hidup berdampingan secara damai, pelestarian budaya, dan menjaga serta mengupayakan integrasi sosial. Secara keseluruhan analisis dengan mengintegrasikan dua perspektif Ungar dan Bhabha di sini mampu menghasilkan satu temuan konsep teori baru berupa Resiliensi Hibrida Transformatif (RHT) dalam kelompok minoritas. Konsep tersebut merupakan penguatan dan pengembangan dari pengintegrasian antara teori Bhabha tentang hibriditas dan Ungar tentang resiliensi sosial budaya.

English Abstract

This study examines the resilience of ethnic Tionghoa diversity in Bangka which includes the context of complexity and hybridity. The perspective used is the theoretical concept of socio-cultural resilience from Michael Ungar and the theory of postcolonial society from Homi K Bhabha. The research uses a qualitative method of case study disign. As many as 38 informants were selected by snowball and purposive sampling techniques. The triangulation technique of data sources and theories is used to test the validity of the data. The results of the study stated that the dynamics of ethnic Tionghoa religion from time to time experienced a very dynamic pattern following the development of the existing political situation. This condition forms religious resilience which is manifested in social support in the form of tolerance and harmony between ethnicities, traditions of mutual respect, involvement in community events, and efforts to maintain harmony. Second, access to resources which includes access to work and access to moral and ethical teachings. Third, adaptive abilities or mastery skills in complex situations through six aspects of adaptation ranging from administrative identity, religious practices, socio-culture, value transmission, worship practices to politics. Finally, the cultural and environmental context which includes the open character of the community, the slogan Tongin Fangin Tjit Tjong, cultural amalgamation and practice adjustment. Meanwhile, in the aspect of complexity and hybridity, there is a diversity of religion among the Tionghoa and Confucianists between Confucianism as a religion and/or as a cultural tradition. Hybrid identity in religion is reflected in the formation of a third space in the form of multifunctional temples and syncretism in religious practice as well as the duality of religious identity between practice and administration. From the analysis of this religious phenomenon, a model of harmony between religious people within the Tionghoa community was found which was manifested in creating jidup side by side peacefully, preserving culture, and maintaining and striving for social integration. Overall, the analysis by integrating the two perspectives of Ungar and Bhabha here was able to produce a new theoretical concept in the form of transformative hybrid resilience (RHT) in minority groups. The concept is a reinforcement and development of the integration between Bhabha's theory of hybridity and Ungar on socio-cultural resilience.

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