Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Calon Penerima Dana Terkait Automated Decision-Making Dalam Fintech Lending

Lubis, Lidya Sinur F. and Diah Pawestri Maharani, S.H., M.H. (2025) Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Calon Penerima Dana Terkait Automated Decision-Making Dalam Fintech Lending. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Pada skripsi ini, penulis mengangkat isu hukum mengenai kekosongan hukum yang mengatur perlindungan hukum bagi calon penerima dana ketika keputusan penolakan didasarkan sepenuhnya pada automated decision-making di dalam POJK RI Nomor 10 /Pojk.05/2022 Tentang LPBBTI. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan perkembangan pesat fintech lending yang menggunakan algoritma untuk menilai kelayakan kredit calon penerima dana. Meskipun efisien, pengambilan keputusan otomatis sering kali menimbulkan ketidakadilan, bias, atau ketidakakuratan yang merugikan calon penerima dana. Uni Eropa sebagai negara yang terlebih dahulu mengatur perlindungan tersebut menjadi acuan bagi Indonesia untuk mengatur lebih komprehensif melindungi hak calon penerima dana. Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas, penelitian ini mengangkat rumusan masalah: (1) Bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi calon penerima dana terkait automated decision-making dalam fintech lending? (2) Bagaimana pengaturan yang tepat mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi calon penerima dana terkait automated decision-making dalam fintech lending? Penelitian ini menggunakan yuridis normatif dengan metode perbandingan hukum, dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Selanjutnya bahan hukum (primer, sekunder, dan tersier) didapatkan dari studi kepustakaan dari studi internet. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah teknik deskriptif analitis yang mengacu pada permasalah tertentu dan kemudian dikaitkan dengan pendapat pakar hukum maupun peraturan perundang-undangan, penulis juga menggunakan metode interpretasi gramatikal dan sistematis. Melalui penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan menggunakan metode di atas, penulis memperoleh hasil penelitian atas permasalahan yang ada bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi calon penerima dana terkait automated decision-making dalam fintech lending dapat ditinjau terlebih dahulu dari landasan filosofis, sosiologis, dan yuridis serta teori perlindungan hukum preventif berdasarkan peraturan perundangundangan dan klausa perjanjian yang dikaitkan dengan permasalahan yang diangkat. Dalam regulasi di Indonesia, perlindungan hukum terhadap penolakan otomatis dalam fintech lending belum secara eksplisit diatur sehingga diperlukan penyempurnaan pada pengaturannya. Dari isu hukum tersebut, penulis melihat bahwa penyempurnaan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan pembentukan aturan melalui POJK RI Nomor 10 /Pojk.05/2022. Dalam membuat formulasi aturan tersebut, penulis mengacu pada GDPR di Uni Eropa dalam mengatur lebih lanjut perlindungan hukum bagi calon penerima dana terkait automated decision-making dalam fintech lending

English Abstract

In this thesis, the author raises a legal issue regarding the legal vacuum that regulates legal protection for prospective fund recipients when the rejection decision is based entirely on automated decision-making in POJK RI Number 10 /Pojk.05/2022 concerning Information Technology-Based Joint Funding Services. This research is motivated by the rapid development of fintech lending that uses algorithms to assess the creditworthiness of prospective fund recipients. Although efficient, automated decision-making often leads to unfairness, bias, or inaccuracies that are detrimental to potential fund recipients. The European Union as a country that first regulates such protection is a reference for Indonesia to regulate more comprehensively to protect the rights of prospective fund recipients. Based on the above background, this research raises the formulation of the problem: (1) How is legal protection for prospective fund recipients related to automated decision-making in fintech lending? (2) How is the appropriate regulation of legal protection for prospective fund recipients related to automated decision-making in fintech lending? This research uses normative juridical with comparative law method, and statutory approach. Furthermore, legal materials (primary, secondary, and tertiary) are obtained from literature studies from internet studies. The analytical technique used in this writing is descriptive analytical technique that refers to certain problems and then associated with the opinions of legal experts and legislation, the author also uses grammatical and systematic interpretation methods. Through the research that the author has conducted using the above methods, the author obtains research results on the existing problems that legal protection for prospective fund recipients related to automated decision-making in fintech lending can be reviewed first from the philosophical, sociological, and juridical foundations as well as the theory of preventive legal protection based on laws and regulations and agreement clauses associated with the issues raised. In Indonesian regulations, legal protection against automatic rejection in fintech lending has not been explicitly regulated so that improvements are needed in its regulation. From these legal issues, the author sees that the improvement can be done by forming rules through POJK RI Number 10 /Pojk.05/2022. In formulating the regulation, the author refers to GDPR in the European Union in further regulating legal protection for prospective fund recipients related to automated decisionmaking in fintech lending.

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