Pengaruh Pemberian PGPR dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.)

Mulya Nugraha Suteja, Dika and Medha Baskara, S.P., M.T (2024) Pengaruh Pemberian PGPR dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia dan memiliki banyak manfaat. Proses keberhasilan pembibitan tanaman ditentukan oleh pertumbuhan akar tanaman. Akar memiliki peran penting yaitu berfungsi sebagai jaringan penyerap nutrisi dan air dari tanah yang memberikan pondasi kokoh bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Pupuk NPK memiliki peran penting dalam menunjang pertumbuhan akar tanaman. Kandungan nutrisi yang seimbang dalam pupuk NPK memberikan pengembangan sistem perakaran yang kuat dan sehat. Kombinasi pemberian PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria) dengan pupuk NPK dapat mendukung pertumbuhan akar tanaman dengan efektifitas yang lebih besar karena tanaman mendapatkan nutrisi yang optimal, serta stimulasi hormonal dan perlindungan tambahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mempelajari interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan bibit alpukat. Adapun hipotesis dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dan dosis NPK yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit alpukat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret 2024 hingga Juli 2024. Penelitian dilakukan di Jl. Sumedang, Desa Cempokomulyo, Kecamatan Kepanjen, Kabupaten Malang. Alat yang digunakan penelitian berupa meteran/alat ukur, timbangan digital, tali rafia, kertas label, gembor, alat dokumentasi, sekop dan polybag. Adapun bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu berupa bibit alpukat, tanah, pupuk kendang kambing, pupuk NPK mutiara, dan PGPR. Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan faktorial yang dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis PGPR dan faktor kedua yaitu pupuk NPK. Terdapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Sehingga didapatkan 27 sampel percobaan. Setiap sampel terdapat 9 tanaman dengan total populasi tanaman yang digunakan sebanyak 243 tanaman. Datayang telah didapatkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Ragam (ANOVA). Apabila pengaruh yang didapatkan nyata, maka dilanjutkan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya interaksi antara pengaruh konsentrasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap parameter luas daun, laju pertumbuhan tanaman, dan volume akar dimana semakin tinggi pemberian konsentrasi PGPR mempengaruhi pemberian dosis NPK. Pemberian PGPR 15 ml.l-1 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, dan waktu muncul tunas. Pemberian dosis pupuk NPK sebesar 8 gr.polybag-1 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, dan waktu muncul tunas.

English Abstract

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a horticultural plant that is popular with Indonesian people and has many benefits. The successful process of plant breeding is determined by the growth of plant roots. Roots have an important role, namely functioning as a tissue that absorbs nutrients and water from the soil which provides a solid foundation for plant growth and development. NPK fertilizer has an important role in supporting plant root growth. The balanced nutritional content in NPK fertilizer provides the development of a strong and healthy root system. The combination of PGPR (Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria) with NPK fertilizer can support plant root growth with greater effectiveness because the plants receive optimal nutrition, as well as hormonal stimulation and additional protection. This research was conducted with the aim of studying the interaction between PGPR concentration and NPK fertilizer dosage on the growth of avocado seedlings. The hypothesis of this research is that there is an interaction between PGPR concentration and NPK dose which can increase the growth of avocado seedlings. The research was carried out from March 2024 to July 2024. The research was conducted on Jl. Sumedang, Cempokomulyo Village, Kepanjen District, Malang Regency. The tools used for research include meters/measuring instruments, digital scales, raffia rope, label paper, gembor, documentation tools, shovels and polybags. The materials used in the research were avocado seeds, soil, goat drum fertilizer, NPK pearl fertilizer, and PGPR. This research is a factorial experiment designed using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the PGPR dose and the second factor is NPK fertilizer. There were 9 treatment combinations with 3 repetitions. So 27 experimental samples were obtained. Each sample contained 9 plants with a total plant population used of 243 plants. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If the effect obtained is real, then the Honest Significant Difference Test (HSD) is continued at the 5% level. The results of the research showed that there was an interaction between the effect of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) concentration and the dose of NPK fertilizer on the parameters of leaf area, plant growth rate and root volume, where the higher the PGPR concentration affected the NPK dose. Giving PGPR 15 ml.l-1 gave better results regarding plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, and time of shoot emergence. Providing a dose of NPK fertilizer of 8 gr.polybag-1 gave better results on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, and shoot emergence time.

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