Evaluasi Sampah Makroplastik dan Mikroplastik pada Sedimen Beberapa Ekosistem Mangrove di Pulau Bawean Bagian Timur

Andiyani, Razita Sabrina Putri and Prof. Dr. Dra. Catur Retnaningdyah,, M.Si., (2024) Evaluasi Sampah Makroplastik dan Mikroplastik pada Sedimen Beberapa Ekosistem Mangrove di Pulau Bawean Bagian Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan profil sampah makroplastik dan mikroplastik, profil kualitas fisika kimia sedimen, serta keterkaitan antara sampah makroplastik dan mikroplastik dengan kualitas fisika kimia sedimen. Penelitian dilakukan pada ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Bawean bagian timur yaitu Hijau Daun (HD), Sungai Rujing (SR), Sidogedungbatu (SGB), dan Pamona (PMN). Pengambilan sampel sedimen, makroplastik, dan mikroplastik tiap ekosistem mangrove dilakukan tiga kali ulangan. Pengambilan sampel makroplastik pada petak contoh 1x1 m2 kemudian diidentifikasi. Pengukuran mikroplastik sedimen dilakukan dengan diberi H2O2 30% dan NaCl jenuh. Parameter kualitas sedimen meliputi suhu, pH, konduktivitas, dan bahan organik (BOT). Analisis data dilakukan uji beda ANOVA, PCA, dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total makroplastik yang diperoleh adalah Polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) (662,4 gram/m2), High-densitypolyethylene (HDPE) (342,8 gram/m2), Low-density-polyethylene (LDPE) (788,5 gram/m2), Polystyrene (PS) (75,8 gram/m2), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (70,4 gram/m2), dan plastik lain (304 gram/m2). Mikroplastik yang ditemukan meliputi fiber, fragment, film, dan foam dengan fiber merupakan mikroplastik tertinggi (230 partikel/25 gram). Kualita fisika kimia sedimen mangrove tergolong optimal pada suhu, konduktivitas, dan pH, serta tingkat sedang hingga sangat tinggi pada BOT. Hasil PCA dan Pearson terutama menunjukkan keterkaitan antara makroplastik (PVC, HDPE, LDPE) dengan mikroplastik (fiber, fragment, film).

English Abstract

This research aims to determine the profile of macroplastic and microplastic waste, the physicochemical quality profile of the sediment, and the relationship between macroplastic and microplastic waste and the physicochemical quality of the sediment. Research was conducted on the mangrove ecosystem on the eastern part of Bawean Island, namely Hijau Daun (HD), Rujing River (SR), Sidogedungbatu (SGB), and Pamona (PMN). Sediment, macroplastic and microplastic samples were taken from each mangrove ecosystem three times. Macroplastic samples were taken in a 1x1 m2 sample plot and then identified. Microplastic sediment measurements were carried out by providing 30% H2O2 and saturated NaCl. Sediment quality parameters include temperature, pH, conductivity, and organic matter (BOT). Data analysis was carried out by ANOVA, PCA and Pearson correlation tests. The research results showed that the total macroplastics obtained were Polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) (662.4 grams/m2), High-density-polyethylene (HDPE) (342.8 grams/m2), Low-density-polyethylene (LDPE) ( 788.5 grams/m2), Polystyrene (PS) (75.8 grams/m2), Polyvinylchloride (PVC) (70.4 grams/m2), and other plastics (304 grams/m2). The microplastics found included fiber, fragments, film and foam with fiber being the highest number of microplastics (230 particles/25 grams). The physicochemical quality of mangrove sediments is classified as optimal in terms of temperature, conductivity and pH, as well as moderate to very high levels in BOT. PCA and Pearson results mainly show the relationship between macroplastics (PVC, HDPE, LDPE) and microplastics (fibers, fragments, films).

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