Analisis Pendapatan dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi di Desa Ngenep Kecamatan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur

Ayu Fadillah, Diaz and Dr. Ir. Suhartini, M.P and Dr. Rita Parmawati, SP., ME (2024) Analisis Pendapatan dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi di Desa Ngenep Kecamatan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Masyarakat pedesaan yang menggantungkan hidupnya pada sektor pertanian, sebagian besar memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan yang masih di bawah rata rata. Salah satu masyarakat pedesaan yang mengandalkan sistem pertanian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya adalah masyarakat Desa Ngenep dengan mayoritas budidaya usahatani padi. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan pendapatan dan tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga para petani padi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Menganalisis pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi di Desa Ngenep, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang; 2) Mengukur tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani padi di Desa Ngenep, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang; dan 3) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani padi di Desa Ngenep, Kecamatan karangploso, Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research). Lokasi penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Desa Ngenep, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur dan dilakukan pada bulan Februari hingga bulan April 2023. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode acak sederhana (simple random sampling) dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 76 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui teknik wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi logistik dengan menggunakan program stata/MP 17.0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pendapatan rumah tangga yang diperoleh petani padi berasal dari tiga sumber utama, yaitu pendapatan usahatani padi (on farm), kegiatan usahatani selain tanaman padi (off farm), dan kegiatan di luar pertanian (non farm). Sumber pendapatan terbesar yang diperoleh petani berasal dariii kegiatan di luar pertanian (non farm) dari total keseluruhan pendapatan. Rata-rata pendapatan yang diperoleh petani padi menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan rumah tangga petani padi di Desa Ngenep termasuk dalam golongan sangat tinggi. 2) Tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani padi di Desa Ngenep diukur berdasarkan kriteria Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), yang menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas rumah tangga petani padi tergolong sejahtera. 3) Faktor-faktor yang memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani padi di Desa Ngenep antara lain kesehatan dan gizi, ketenagakerjaan, taraf dan pola konsumsi, perumahan dan lingkungan, serta kependudukan. Di sisi lain, faktor pendidikan dan sosial tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, di mana petani tetap mampu menjalankan usahatani dengan baik berdasarkan pengalaman turun temurun serta dukungan dari kegiatan penyuluhan.

English Abstract

Most of the rural communities who depend on the agricultural sector for their livelihoods have levels of welfare that are still below average. One of the rural communities that relies on the agricultural system to fulfill their daily needs is the community in Ngenep Village with the majority of them cultivating rice. This is related to the income and level of household welfare of rice farmers. The objectives of this research are: 1) Analyzing the household income of rice farmers in Ngenep Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency; 2) Measuring the level of welfare of rice farmer households in Ngenep Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency; and 3) Analyze the factors that influence the level of welfare of rice farmer households in Ngenep Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency. This research was conducted using a quantitative research approach with explanatory research methods. The research location used in this research was Ngenep Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency, East Java Province and was carried out from February to April 2023. The sampling technique used in this research was a simple random sampling method with the number of respondents as many as 76 respondents. The data collection technique used in this research was carried out through interview techniques. The data analysis used was descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis using the Stata/MP 17.0 for Windows program. The research results show that: 1) Household income obtained by rice farmers comes from three main sources, namely income from rice farming (on farm), farming activities other than rice crops (off farm), and activities outside of agriculture (non farm). The largest source of income obtained by farmers comes from non-farm activities from the total income. The average income earned by rice farmers shows that the household income of rice farmers in Ngenep Village is in the very high category. 2) The level of welfare of rice farming households in Ngenep Village is measurediv based on the criteria of the BPS, which shows that the majority of rice farming households are classified as prosperous. 3) Factors that have a significant influence on the level of welfare of rice farmer households in Ngenep Village include health and nutrition, employment, consumption levels and patterns, housing and environment, and population. On the other hand, education and social factors do not have a significant influence on the level of welfare of farming households. This is caused by a low level of education, where farmers are still able to run their farming business well based on experience from generation to generation and support from extension activities.

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